AOD-9604
Modified fragment of human growth hormone studied in relation to fat metabolism.
Editorial review: August 13, 2026Evidence snapshot
This drawer marks papers. It is not a plan, a dose, or a source. A paper is a bounded report. It is not a protocol. Grades name the object. They are not a safety rating.
Identity lock. AOD-9604 (also AOD9604) is a synthetic hexadecapeptide — Tyr-hGH 177–191 (modified C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone / somatotropin). PubChem CID 71300630; formula C78H123N23O23S2 / MW 1815.1; CAS 221231-10-3. Object is an hGH fragment, not somatostatin — do not echo PubChem “somatostatin” synonym noise as identity. Alternate CAS strings in secondary sources are not co-equal; this drawer prints 221231-10-3 only. No approved indication. Off-label does not apply. There is no label to be off of. Rodent lipolysis and historical obesity-development notes are not a weight-loss product claim.
Bottom line
PubMed holds clear preclinical lipolysis/obesity-model papers and later analytical / seizure / anti-doping work. A PubMed-indexed primary efficacy report for human body-weight reduction is not in this set. Development-era commentary notes clinical programs; those notes are not confirmatory efficacy. Honest line: controlled human weight-loss efficacy for AOD-9604 is not established here. Do not average animal lipolysis into a human fat-loss glow.
Papers
Preclinical — lipolysis / obese-animal models
PMID 11146367 — Ng 2000
Tested: synthetic lipolytic domain AOD9604 in metabolic laboratory systems (adipocyte/hepatocyte-oriented work on the C-terminal hGH fragment object).
Does not show: a controlled human weight-loss trial, or equivalence to intact hGH therapy.
PMID 11713213 — Heffernan 2001
Tested: chronic AOD9604 versus hGH on lipid metabolism in obese mice and β3-adrenergic receptor knock-out mice.
Does not show: a human obesity result, or that rodent fat oxidation predicts clinical weight loss.
PMID 11673763 — Heffernan 2001
Tested: chronic hGH or modified C-terminal fragment on fat oxidation and weight change in obese mice.
Does not show: human efficacy, or a marketed obesity indication.
PMID 11152298 — Ogru 2000
Tested: conformational (NMR) and in-vitro lipolysis/lipogenesis activity of a cyclic C-terminal hGH 177–191–related anti-obesity peptide object in adipose tissue systems (rodent, porcine, human tissue assays).
Does not show: a randomized human obesity trial.
Development commentary / context (not primary efficacy)
PMID 15134286 — Wilding 2004
Tested: drug-profile commentary on AOD-9604 (Metabolic) as an investigational obesity candidate; notes early clinical-program stage.
Does not show: peer-reviewed primary Phase 2/3 efficacy tables, or an approved indication.
PMID 16625817 — Halford 2006
Tested: review of obesity drugs then in clinical development, including mention of AOD9604 among candidates.
Does not show: a new controlled human result for AOD-9604.
Other animal model (not obesity)
PMID 26275694 — Kwon 2015
Tested: intra-articular AOD9604 with or without hyaluronic acid in a rabbit osteoarthritis model.
Does not show: human OA efficacy, or a systemic fat-loss claim.
Analytics / seized product / doping context
PMID 25208511 — Cox 2015
Tested: detection and in-vitro metabolism of AOD9604 (analytical / anti-doping oriented).
Does not show: therapeutic efficacy in people.
PMID 24124033 — Orlovius 2013
Tested: whether AOD-9604 interferes with the WADA hGH isoform immunoassay.
Does not show: a clinical benefit. Detection/interference context only.
PMID 24976118 — Vanhee 2014
Tested: identification of peptide drugs in unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by authorities; includes an AOD9604 case report.
Does not show: efficacy. Underscores identity and unlabeled-preparation risk.
What is not established
An approved obesity or fat-loss indication. Controlled human body-weight efficacy supported by a PubMed-indexed primary efficacy report in this set. Equivalence of AOD-9604 to intact hGH for any metabolic use. Product identity between laboratory reference material and unlabeled vials. Rabbit OA work does not fill an obesity claim. Analytical detection papers do not establish benefit. Preclinical lipolysis is not human efficacy.
Selected sources
11146367 11713213 11673763 11152298 15134286 16625817 26275694 25208511 24124033 24976118
Reported experiences
Weight and body composition
Reported topics are not established benefits.Risks and unknowns
Limited safety evidence, injection risks, unknown identity and purity
Compare experiences with care.
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